Characteristics Of Normal Urine

Question: normal characteristics of urine: color & transparency
Answer: -clear, pale to deep yellow (due to urochrome)
-concentrated urine has a deeper yellow/amber color

-red or red-brown (abnormal) color could be from food dye, eating fresh beets, a drug, or presence of either hemoglobin or myoglobin

-if sample contained many RBCS, it would be cloudy as well as red
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Question: normal characteristics of urine: odor
Answer: -fresh urine: slightly aromatic
-standing urine: ammonia odor
-some drugs & vegetables (asparagus) alter the usual odor)
-elevated ketones smells fruity or acetone-like
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Question: normal characteristics of urine: specific gravity
Answer: specific gravity: measures density of urine compared to
water
-ranges from 1.001-1.035
-1.001= diluted
- 1.035= concentrated
-is dependent on solute concentration
* > 1.035 is either contaminated or contains very
high levels of glucose
* patients who have recived radiopaque dyes or
dextrans can also have high specific gravity
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Question: chemical composition of urine
Answer: -95% water
-various ions (sodium, potassium, sulfate, calcium,
magnesium, bicarbonate)
-amino acids, lipids, & carbohydrate
-urea, uric acid, & creatinine

-abnormally high concetrations of any urinary constituents may indicate pathology
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Question: normal characteristics of urine: color & transparency Answer: -clear, pale to deep yellow (due to urochrome) -concentrated urine has a deeper yellow/amber color -red or red-brown (abnormal) color could be from food dye, eating fresh beets, a drug, or presence of either hemoglobin or myoglobin -if sample contained many RBCS, it would be cloudy as well as red ================================================== Question: normal characteristics of urine: odor Answer: -fresh urine: slightly aromatic -standing urine: ammonia odor -some drugs & vegetables (asparagus) alter the usual odor) -elevated ketones smells fruity or acetone-like ================================================== Question: normal characteristics of urine: specific gravity Answer: specific gravity: measures density of urine compared to water -ranges from 1.001-1.035 -1.001= diluted - 1.035= concentrated -is dependent on solute concentration * > 1.035 is either contaminated or contains very high levels of glucose * patients who have recived radiopaque dyes or dextrans can also have high specific gravity ================================================== Question: chemical composition of urine Answer: -95% water -various ions (sodium, potassium, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate) -amino acids, lipids, & carbohydrate -urea, uric acid, & creatinine -abnormally high concetrations of any urinary constituents may indicate pathology ==================================================